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Illusion - Is Seeing Really Believing?
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Illusion - Is Seeing Really Believing (1998)(Marshall Media)[Mac-PC].iso
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00078_Text_re55t.txt
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1997-02-04
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This hypothesis was tested by
Hans Wallach of Swarthmore
College in the following way. In
a dark room, one slide projector
produced a disk on a screen and
another projector produced a
ring around the disk, as shown
in the figure to the left.
Everything else was masked out
on each slide. When Wallach
held the intensity of the disk
constant and varied only the
intensity of the ring, observers
perceived the lightness of the
disk to vary all the way from
white to black. It looked white
when the luminance of the
ring was about one half that of
the disk, it looked gray when
the luminance of the ring was
about twice that of the disk,
and it looked black when the
ring-to-disk ratio was about 30
to 1.
Dark-room experiments on
lightness perception: (left) by
varying the intensity of light
(or luminance) in the
projection of the ring, the disk
inside it will appear to vary in
lightness from white to black.
(Right) experiment
demonstrating that the ratio of
luminances of adjacent
surfaces determines perceived
lightness: in the illustration
the disks do not appear to be the
same shade of gray because the
regions surrounding the rings
and disks also affect our
perception of the shades.
This last effect is astonishing
when one considers that the
disk is not a dark surface but a
white screen illuminated by a
single projector. With the ring
turned off, the disk looks like a
bright, luminous source of
light.